Title: Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999-2018
Authors: Ismael N, Wilkinson E, Mahumane I, Gemusse H, Giandhari J, Bauhofer A, Vubil A, Mambo P, Singh L, Mabunda N, Bila D, Engelbrecht S, Gudo E, Lessells R, de Oliveira T.
Journal: Viruses,14(9):1992. doi: 10.3390/v14091992: (2022)
Abstract
HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) can become a public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries where genotypic testing for people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. For first-line regimens to remain effective, levels of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) need to be monitored over time. To determine the temporal trends of TDR in Mozambique, a search for studies in PubMed and sequences in GenBank was performed. Only studies covering the pol region that described HIVDR and genetic diversity from treatment naïve patients were included. A dataset from seven published studies and one novel unpublished study conducted between 1999 and 2018 were included. The Calibrated Population Resistance tool (CPR) and REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool version 3 for sequences pooled by sampling year were used to determine resistance mutations and subtypes, respectively. The prevalence of HIVDR amongst treatment-naïve individuals increased over time, reaching 14.4% in 2018. The increase was most prominent for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), reaching 12.7% in 2018. Subtype C was predominant in all regions, but a higher genetic variability (19% non-subtype C) was observed in the north region of Mozambique. These findings confirm a higher diversity of HIV in the north of the country and an increased prevalence of NNRTI resistance among treatment naïve individuals over time.Download: Full text paper
Citation: Ismael N, Wilkinson E, Mahumane I, Gemusse H, Giandhari J, Bauhofer A, Vubil A, Mambo P, Singh L, Mabunda N, Bila D, Engelbrecht S, Gudo E, Lessells R, de Oliveira T. Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999-2018 Viruses,14(9):1992. doi: 10.3390/v14091992: (2022).